Origins And Influence Of Automobiles - 2580 Words

Origins and Influence of Automobiles in the Early 1900s Sean Francis AP United States History Mr. Ehrie June 5, 2015 Throughout history, engineers and scientists have achieved breakthroughs that allow the invention of the world’s most influential products to come into existence. Johannes Gutenberg s printing press of the fifteenth century allowed for books to be printed, copied, and spread as seen never before. The introduction of the Bessemer process by Andrew Carnegie in steel manufacturing brought about the construction of modern cities. Thomas Edison’s electric light of the 1800s lit up a world previously reliant on the light of daylight and candles. Innovations such as these are remembered for the same reason, which is that society and the way in which we live in it is still affected to this day by them. Following the victory by Americans of securing independence and sovereignty for Great Britain, the nation became a political, economic, and military, and scientific powerhouse within a very short time. By the late nineteenth century, a new marvel had appeared across the Atlantic in Europe: the automobile. Though transportation such as trains or steamboats had been widely available since the early 1800s, the automobile would allow people to trade in their horse-drawn carriages. In the late 1800s to early 1900s when the invention of the car made it across the Atlantic, a monumental change occurred that would,Show MoreRelatedCOO Impact on Consumers Purchases Essay example1565 Words   |  7 Pageseven though this strong link shapes consumer attitudes and belief, research relating to brand and COO proposed that the influence of a brand can be weak in the occurrence of country-of-manufacture information, For example, study showed that consumer beliefs about household appliance were strongly influenced whenever there was a similarity of brand and manufacturing country-of-origin. Chandrasen Paliwoda (2010) divided into three subcontracts i) country of manufacture product specific image ii) countryRead MoreProducts and Services for Consumers1441 Words   |  6 Pagesmanagerial personnel are all advantages of standardization. 2. Define the country-of-origin effect and give examples. 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Physical Database Design Lecture Exampl Essay example

PHYSICAL DATABASE DESIGN EXAMPLES Example 1 – Consider the following relational database for the Super Baseball League. It keeps track of teams in the league, coaches and players on the teams, work experience of the coaches, bats belonging to each team, and which players have played on which teams. Note the following facts about this environment: The database keeps track of the history of all of the teams that each player has played on and all of the players who have played on each team. The database only keeps track of the current team that a coach works for. Team number, team name, and player number are each unique attributes across the league. Coach name is only unique within a team (and we assume that a team cannot have two†¦show more content†¦The Team Number field. ii. The Player Name field. b) Construct a B+-tree index of the type shown in this chapter for the Player file, assuming that now there are many more records than are shown above. The file and the index have the following characteristics: The file is stored on eight cylinders of the disk. The highest key values on the eight cylinders, in order, are: Cylinder 1: 1427 Cylinder 2: 1965 Cylinder 3: 2848 Cylinder 4: 3721 Cylinder 5: 4508 Cylinder 6: 5396 Cylinder 7: 6530 Cylinder 8: 7442 Each index record can hold four key value/pointer pairs. There are three index records at the lowest level of the tree index. c) The same as part b above, but now there are four index records at the lowest level of the tree index. d) The same as part b above, but each index record can hold two key value/pointer pairs and there are four index records at the lowest level of the tree index. Answer - a) Simple linear index. i. (Based on Team Number.) 12 1 12 3 12 8 15 9 18 5 18 6 20 4 20 7 35 2 35 10 ii. (Based on Player Name.) Barry Morton 10 Chico Lopez 8 Chris Vernon 9 Dave Lester 6 Fred Williams 1 Juan Gomez 3 Rod Smith 7 Steve

The Modernism Movement Essay Example For Students

The Modernism Movement Essay Modernism started as a movement around late 19th and 20th centuries. It rejected the conventional forms of art, architecture, literature, religious faith, social organisation and everyday life as they felt it was incompatible with the new economical, social and political conditions that was emerging at that period of time. Many distinctive styles can be defined as modernist, but majority of them had very similar values and theories on different aspects of society. It gave birth to a whole array of art, cultural and political movements. Often referred to as an avant-garde movement at that time, it was a loose assembly of ideas. They believed in creating a better world. Mainly consisting of left-leaning political ideology followers, they had a vision of transforming every aspect of the society through the medium of art, design, architecture, literature, etc. During the early 19th century, Europe was marked by a number of wars and revolutions, it led way and gave birth to different move ments including Modernism. Modern day historians conceive, that the movement played an integral role and had a big impact in shaping the modern society we live in. Artists such as Pablo Picasso, Henri-Emile-Benoit Matisse were part of the movement embracing abstraction in the medium of painting. Bauhaus was one of the key institution that helped define the ideology of modernism in architecture. The illustrations commissioned for the book The world in 2030 A.D. can be seen as a prime example of modernist illustration. Edward McKnight Kauffer, an influential American-born artist known for his unique poster art was responsible for the images. The images were created using airbrush. The form and shape of the images were very intriguing and futuristic resembling robot like characteristics. Block images with a slight hint of light had a metal like effect imitating mechanised future. The book cover illustration by John Heartfield for instance is another image that springs up as modernist illustration. The image simply is of a human like figure but the elements of the body parts are made up of various mechanical accessories e.g. clock, levers, meters, etc. Modernists were convinced, technology was the way forward and the image in particular echoed that ethos. The poster designed by Adolphe Mouron Cassandre for the Nord Express was one of the iconic image during the later part of mo dernist era. The image has certain identical mark-making traits with other illustrators working around same period of time. The poster itself in some sense advocates industrialisation. The bold colours and figurative lines demonstrates the strength of industrialised future. Equality, and the desire to create a utopian world was one of the underlying principles of the modernists. George Groszs images often attacked the class system that was occurring in Berlin. The caricature drawings of the elite capitalist bankers and the disillusioned lower class people illustrated the critical problem in the society that made the movement ever progressive. Arrangement New York (1925) was a lithograph print of a heavily industrialised cityscape by Jan Matulka. Modernist architects were fascinated by the idea of simplicity in design, functionality and rejection of ornament, decoration, etc. The image underlines those ethics they maintained. In the field of art the broad movement in Western art, architecture and design which self-consciously rejected the past as a model for the art of the present. Hence the term modernist or modern art.'(http://www.tate.org.uk/collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=174). The quote above initially supports the concept and the motive behind the movement. The movement rebelled against the traditional way of living and constantly progressed to accommodate the present time. Social and political agendas also had the upper hand on driving the modern art scene. At a time when technology was advancing at a rapid pace, modern art was a response to that. Furthermore the gruesome consequences of First World War mentally affected the artists. Charles Darwins theory on evolution clearly weakened the perception of the God creating humans and had a huge effect on the movement rejecting religious faiths. The illustrations made around that time reflects the change in economic, social, technology, arc hitecture and literature. Most of the images produced were facilitating the change. Images were used for different purposes for e.g. commercial, editorial, propaganda, sequential, narrative, etc. Illustrations I have chosen are varied for e.g. some were used for commercial purposes like Nord Express, where as some reflected the socio-economic state of their surroundings. Literature went through radical change during that period of time and book such as The world in 2030 A.D. was written predicting the future, so images were required to support the text. Therefore modernist Illustrations went hand in hand with the commercial world whether it be for a piece of text or an advertising campaign. This timeline can be easily observed as a start of commercial illustration. As the industrialisation spiralled out pretty much everywhere and an innovative approach to literature, gave a platform for the illustrators to display their communicative skills. .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f , .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f .postImageUrl , .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f , .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f:hover , .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f:visited , .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f:active { border:0!important; } .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f:active , .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u702cd7b7bf795c5e630f0a73a1c52f1f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Postmodernism In Groszs Germany, everything and everybody is for sale. All human transactions, except for the class solidarity of the workers, are poisoned. The world is owned by four breeds of pig: the capitalist, the officer, the priest and the hooker, whose other form is the sociable wife. He was one of the hanging judges of art.'(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz) The above quote from art critic Robert Hughes gives an insight into George Groszs imagination. The ideas displayed on the images he drew can strongly be related to modernism as it shows skepticism of the traditional way of living. A world where the ruling class undermined the workforce, no wonder Gros zs images ruthlessly depicted the characters in such way. Seeking a change in the socio-economic condition was many of the vital ethic modernists promoted. Modernism seems to define the cultural turmoil provoked by the industrial revolution for most of a century, 1880 to 1950. Its distinctive, perhaps defining, characteristics was a constant search of novelty.'(http://www.philadelphia-reflections.com/blog/735.htm) Industrial revolution was one of the decisive factor that saw the emergence of illustrations during the modernist era. Products were produced in scale that had never been made before. Imagery was required to appeal the masses on behalf of the product. A modernist ideology did exist in illustration world but they were more dictated to certain extent by the commercial sector.

On December 10, 1986 The Greater New York Section Of The American Inst

On December 10, 1986 the Greater New York Section of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and the engineering section of the New York Academy of Sciences jointly presented a program on mining the planets. Speakers were Greg Maryniak of the Space Studies Institute (SSI) and Dr. Carl Peterson of the Mining and Excavation Research Institute of M.I.T. Maryniak spoke first and began by commenting that the quintessential predicament of space flight is that everything launched from Earth must be accelerated to orbital velocity. Related to this is that the traditional way to create things in space has been to manufacture them on Earth and then launch them into orbit aboard large rockets. The difficulty with this approach is the huge cost-per-pound of boosting anything out of this planet's gravity well. Furthermore, Maryniak noted, since (at least in the near to medium term) the space program must depend upon the government for most of its funding, for this economic d rawback necessarily translates into a political problem. Maryniak continued by noting that the early settlers in North America did not attempt to transport across the Atlantic everything then needed to sustain them in the New World. Rather they brought their tools with them and constructed their habitats from local materials. Hence, he suggested that the solution to the dilemma to which he referred required not so much a shift in technology as a shift in thinking. Space, he argued, should be considered not as a vacuum, totally devoid of everything. Rather, it should be regarded as an ocean, that is, a hostile environment but one having resources. Among the resources of space, he suggested, are readily available solar power and potential surface mines on the Moon and later other celestial bodies as well. The Moon, Maryniak stated, contains many useful materials. Moreover, it is twenty-two times easier to accelerate a payload to lunar escape velocity than it is to accelerate the ident ical mass out of the EarthUs gravity well. As a practical matter the advantage in terms of the energy required is even greater because of the absence of a lunar atmosphere. Among other things this permits the use of devices such as electromagnetic accelerators (mass drivers) to launch payloads from the MoonUs surface. Even raw Lunar soil is useful as shielding for space stations and other space habitats. At present, he noted, exposure to radiation will prevent anyone for spending a total of more than six months out of his or her entire lifetime on the space station. At the other end of the scale, Lunar soil can be processed into its constituent materials. In between steps are also of great interest. For example, the MoonUs soil is rich in oxygen, which makes up most of the mass of water and rocket propellant. This oxygen could be RcookedS out of the Lunar soil. Since most of the mass of the equipment which would be necessary to accomplish this would consist of relatively low technol ogy hardware, Maryniak suggested the possibility that at least in the longer term the extraction plant itself could be manufactured largely on the Moon. Another possibility currently being examined is the manufacture of glass from Lunar soil and using it as construction material. The techniques involved, according to Maryniak, are crude but effective. (In answer to a question posed by a member of the audience after the formal presentation, Maryniak stated that he believed the brittle properties of glass could be overcome by using glass-glass composites. He also suggested yet another possibility, that of using Lunar soil as a basis of concrete.) One possible application of such Moon-made glass would be in glass-glass composite beams. Among other things, these could be employed as structural elements in a solar power satellite (SPS). While interest in the SPS has waned in this country, at least temporarily, it is a major focus of attention in the U.S.S. R. , Western Europe and Japan. In particular, the Soviets have stated that they will build an SPS by the year 2000 (although they plan on using Earth launched materials. Similarly the Japanese are conducting SPS related sounding rocket tests. SSI studies have suggested that more than 90%, and perhaps as much